The first museum collection in Samokov was established in 1930. In 1936 it grew into a museum that the Ministry of Education approved. Prof. Hristo Vakarelski himself, the famous Bulgarian ethnographer, in 1938 organized the first ethnographic exhibition. In 1940 the museum building was built following a project of architect Y. Yurdanov - the first building designed for a museum in Bulgaria.
The museum's funds contain icons, prints, handicrafts, documents, photographs, works of art, archaeological finds, etc. The permanent exposition of the museum was renovated in 2007 after the renovation of the exhibition halls.